# Kisspeptin reading list

> The kisspeptin reading list | Ripple Peptides — The Ripple Peptides reading list groups the kisspeptin studies on discovery, hormone timing, IVF, sexual desire, food intake and anxiety.

The discovery experiments, the timing studies and the trials with an outcome worth lingering over.

## Discovery and receptor function

The [melanoma gene experiment](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944003/) and the [human GPR54 puberty findings](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573733/) make a striking pair. For the question of duration, add the [activating receptor mutation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18272894/). The [KISS1 loss-of-function family study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335740/) concerns the peptide's own gene.

For a closer experimental view of signal transmission, [the mouse GnRH-neuron work](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483150/) examines electrical responses in brain slices. It provides cellular context while retaining its mouse, in-vitro setting.

## Hormone timing

I would start this group with [the evoked LH pulse in healthy men](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21470997/) and [the response that diminished during repeated exposure](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820030/). The [infusion experiment in hypothalamic amenorrhea](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517142/) and [KISS1R pharmacology review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25765628/) extend the timing question. The [early kisspeptin-54 study in healthy men](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16174713/) supplies a useful hormonal starting point.

## Clinical experiments

The [IVF trial in women at high OHSS risk](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192876/) sits beside [work on cells collected during IVF](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29206944/). For desire, there is [the trial in men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36735255/) and [the visual and olfactory cue experiment](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32051344/).

I give the [food-intake experiment](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37039248/) and [anxiety trial](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/) equal billing. Their unchanged outcomes sharpen the subject. The [clinical-status systematic review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/) provides a broader survey, with a literature search ending in Feb 2023.

## References

[1] KiSS-1, a novel human malignant melanoma metastasis-suppressor gene https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944003/
[2] The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573733/
[3] A GPR54-activating mutation in a patient with central precocious puberty https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18272894/
[4] Inactivating KISS1 mutation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335740/
[5] Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483150/
[6] Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16174713/
[7] Kisspeptin resets the hypothalamic GnRH clock in men https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21470997/
[8] Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820030/
[9] Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517142/
[10] KISS1R: Hallmarks of an Effective Regulator of the Neuroendocrine Axis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25765628/
[11] Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192876/
[12] The direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin-54 on granulosa lutein cell function https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29206944/
[13] Effects of kisspeptin on sexual brain processing and penile tumescence in men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a randomized clinical trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36735255/
[14] Kisspeptin enhances brain responses to olfactory and visual cues of attraction in men https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32051344/
[15] The effects of kisspeptin on food intake in women with overweight or obesity https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37039248/
[16] Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/
[17] Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/

---

At Ripple Peptides I follow kisspeptin through the published experiments and argue over the consequences, with essays to think about rather than medical advice to act on.